PRELUDE: My life’s proud moments can be related to two incidents without knowing what it meant then, later as narrated by my family. One, my father took me to a house on Thirumalai Pillai road, where men had gathered and were talking on hushed hushed tones. The main reason for taking a small child to such a place comes with a hidden reason of giving my mother some respite from me and my tantrums. My father carried me to the room where the person he was supposed to meet, sat. One look at my father and me, asked immediately calling him by his name, so we have a young visitor today? Answer from my father was, couldn’t be managed at home, hence this outing. He asked me to be brought near him, took me and perched on his laps. The moment I went closer to him and changed hands, one look at him I started howling to my heart’s content. Readers, this was none other than our great leader Sri Kamaraj ji who sported a big mush and eyes so big. I am sure that those of whom, saw him for the first time would definitely be daunted and intimidated by his physical aura.
Second incident, my father’s most visited frequent place on Bazulla Road, he took me there with a strict warning I should be quiet, no tantrums, for which I shall be rewarded with goodies on our way back home. The person I saw as a very young child, was seated on a wooden easy chair, very frail looking, sporting dark glasses, next to him was the wooden walking cane. Thankfully, there were no tantrums at all as I wasn’t taken near him. I remember having met RAJA-JI at his home till date vividly. Writing about him gives me immense pleasure and honour. I want to reveal the many facets of him both in the personal and political arena. Many great scholars have written about him and I would like to share with my readers RAJA-JI as I see and admire him. The family was called “Chakravarthy” which means king of kings for their services to humanity, even when they were treated as outcasts by their own brahmin community, be it for conducting the last rites of a harijan by one of his ancestors or for serving food to a harijan by Rajaji in his younger days for which he was also punished.
As a student Rajaji was way ahead amongst his peers, that he was looked upon as a scholar, eminent speaker, articulator and timing of his comments were legendary. So much so that when he was a student at Law College, an interesting incident happened. Swami Vivekananda chose to visit Madras then, he was homed in the same hostel where Rajaji was staying. Swami Vivekananda wanted to have a look around and came into the room where Rajaji stayed. Immediately Swami asked Rajaji who had hung a picture of Lord Krishna, “Why is Krishna always blue in hue? Pat reply from Rajaji was “sea is limitless, so is the sky, so both are blue, God is also boundless so his hue is also in blue”. That day the thought that came into Swami Vivekananda’s mind was that this young boy would rise to eminence and would become very famous. A soothsay which came true.
As we travel back to his start of a bright career as an independent lawyer, at Salem, he started handling criminal, most difficult cases of those times. Owing to his immense knowledge of law combined with natural intelligence, fearlessness, brought him seemingly great fame, success and wealth. One such incident reported was, when he represented as a counsel for Varadarajulu Naidu, who was arrested for speaking against the government, Rajaji when every day of the hearing stood up to speak for his client, he was asked by the judge then humbly, to be seated. Next day Rajaji politely stood up at the outset and said. “I have and hold you in great respect Honourable Judge sir, but if like a teacher in a classroom, Your Honour asks me to sit down, I shall not be able to discharge my duty and it will not add to the dignity of this court”. Immediately realising his folly, the Honourable Judge apologised to Rajaji, which a rare phenomenon then, won the case for his client with his undeniable arguments’.
As a young and prominent person in Salem, his intense thoughts followed by his actions were towards the betterment of the Harijans and downtrodden people is highly commendable, when he saw people treating them with hatred. I see him as a CRUSADER OF ALL EVILS, when he started Adult Education, Night Schools for factory workers, Schools for Harijans were all opened. During this time, he set up a committee to prepare a glossary in Tamil for science subjects so that they could be taught in the same language. He also ensured that a plan was made for water to reach the Harijans. Education in the only way, which can stop people from being stuck at what they are and that’s the only way to redeem themselves from their society and look forward to a changed and better lives, this was his foresight.
Rajaji’s travel on ERADICATION OF UNTOUCHABILITY, remained after he became a politician, that he admitted Harijans into hostel much to chagrin of others. The NO TEMPLE entry for Harijans was fought by Rajaji with such severity that once when a Harijan ash smeared on his arms and forehead, singing hymns on God, was shooed away from entering a temple and was prosecuted by some fanatics, on reading about this from a daily newspaper, Rajaji took the case on himself and fought for his cause. He tried very hard to bring in a bill to remove this evil in the society rampantly present then, though he brought it to the floor of the assembly he didn’t succeed, but he was the first person to work for a legislation for removal of untouchability. He admitted lots of Harijans into his Gandhi Ashram and his cook was a washerman.
While talking about friends and friendship for life his camaraderie with fellow human beings remains unbeatable to this day. Gandhiji called Rajaji always as his CONSCIENCE KEEPER, this was owing to steadfast, firm belief in what ideology he believed in and practised. A Khadi lover all his life, led a simple life this may be said as a common factor between Gandhi ji and Rajaji. Rajaji was the Governor of Bengal way back in 1947-48 for about ten months only, Gandhiji was camped at Beliaghat that he would go over to his camp breaking all the protocols that the position demanded. He had unflinching faith in Gandhiji’s philosophy and principles.
Another incident that Rajaji was said to have done surpassing all the protocols was, he wasn’t the likened person by the people of Bengal for the position of Governor of Bengal though he was appointed just to ease the BENGAL partition and its aftermaths. This was so when he was appointed as the Governor of Bengal, that was vociferously opposed by Sarat Chandra Bose whose words were “outrage on Bengal’s sentiments”. This was because of Rajaji’s choice of Gandhiji’s militant non-violent co-operation over Chitaranjan Das’s promotion of council entry. His barbs against the Bengal party at the banks of Narmada river later years, where he openly said its better to travel on a boat whose captain is Mahatma Gandhi and the other boat however seemingly it may look attractive with new paint, flag will drown the people in the middle of the river as it has too many holes”. He made amends with the irked Sarat Chandra Bose by visiting him in person and gotten himself endeared by the Bengalis that, they asked him to preside over their cabinet meetings.
His long-term friendship turned familial and political connections with Gandhiji is no surprise at all that, when Gandhi ji died he was the Governor of Bengal, he attended the last rites of Gandhiji and brought back his ash urn to immerse it in Hooghly river. The day he travelled by boat almost to the middle of the river, as he got up to throw the ashes into the river, his body swayed forward, that immediately two people standing close to him held him back. Later when questioned what had happened to him, he said “the ashes were pulling him forward and he couldn’t stop himself from leaning forwards”.
Rajaji’s verbal duels with Nehru ji which still talks about his political prowess, peoples’ welfare. He was against the LICENSE-PERMIT RAJ, the Nehruvian idea in 1956, thought to be a complete leftist idea. Rajaji was averse to this idea for the simple reason it would take away the individual right to decide what, how, when to produce and pricing of the same. All the industries would be state controlled and lose the individual free thinking, implementing rights and definitely would take away the individual’s movement and freedom. Another issue the leftist idea of Nehru to make all the lands commonly owned was also met out with same negative aplomb by Rajaji that he went on to say, that countries like Russia and China cultivated commonly but did not take away the ownership of the farmers. At times Nehru’s blind thoughts and actions, not considering the impact it would have on peoples’ lives bothered Rajaji so much, that, at one stage he seemed to be opposing for what Nehru stood for. It was so obvious in the political arena.
He opposed to Nehruvian leftist inclination throughout that he was appointed as a leader for the newly found party SWARAJYA PARTY in the year 1959, only as a counter to Nehru. He tried forming small opposition groups but nothing worked out. As a mark of respect and friendship on hearing the news of Nehru’s death these were his words, it read “Eleven years younger than me, 11 times more important for the Nation and eleven hundred times more beloved to the Nation, Sri Nehru has suddenly departed from our midst and I remain alive to hear the sad news – and bear the shock…. I am unable to gather my wits. I have been fighting Sri Nehru all these 10 years for what I consider faults in public policies. But I knew all along that he alone could get them corrected…. A beloved friend is gone, the most civilised person among us all. God save our people”.
Nehru was always quick to react and nipping in the bud when oppositions faced him. Rajaji’s presence of mind is immaculate that when there was a proposal by Lord Mountbatten to make him the High Commissioner to Britain to help Nehru, Rajaji immediately retorted back, “You and Edwina are so intensely interested in Jawaharlal Nehru that, may I say, you have no eyes to see or mind to think about others”.
In the years between 1935 and 1937 Rajaji then the proverbial predictor ahead of his times, as the Prime Minister of Madras, wanted Hindi to be included as part of the school curriculum that, the then justice party and DK ideology people strongly protested and conducted severe agitations that he had to withdraw later. Likewise, in 1952-1954, when he brought in “kula kavli thittam” that’s the students get to spend only three hours a day instead of six hours of six-day school, go back home after three hours so sons help their fathers’ in learning their family arts, crafts, profession and the girls get to learn household chores. This was opposed strongly because of the time they get to spend in school for socialisation gets reduced as propagated by Gandhiji. This was included in the 2020 New Education Policy is worth mentioning.
He was a loner who fought all his battles all alone, had he got more support from people each and every decision of his would have been long implemented. He even included people, politicians who came from different strata and different ideology like in the year 1972, he touched the forehead of Karunanidhi and blessed him when he had come to meet him after he won the elections and became the Chief Minister.
Having born in an orthodox brahmin family, he never thought of himself to be great by birth, status, as he proved time and again that his thoughts, intellect, actions, were greater than the man himself. He led such a simple life, that when his postings went up and down position wise he hardly gave them another thought but did his best to the position he was asked to take over. His post-independence position and as last Governor General of India lasted from 1948 to 1950 exactly for 20 months till the India became a republic on January 26th 1950. 1952-54 saw him as the Chief Minister of Madras.
His wife died very young and he became a widower at an early age of 35 with five children to be looked after, when relatives started to pressurise him to get married again, pat came his reply, “I will get married then, I will have another kid and I will have to look after all the six of them”. His sense of dry humour had never lost its charm or got misplaced with people who understood him correctly for what he was.
Having died on 25th December 1972, at the age of 94, three most important traits I admire in Rajaji are, his fearlessness be it expressing his thoughts and by actions. He did them with undaunting courage. Second trait would be his extraordinary genius. The third important trait would be his service-mindedness. Though brahmin born he had to take in his stride the wrath, snide remarks from his own clan for all that he was doing for the betterment of the lives of the Harijans and Dalit. Some writers say that he was way too fond of Christ and Christians equally to Hindus that he died on 25th December, why it didn’t happen on any other day?
VIJAYASHREE RAMESH
CHENNAI BASED ADVOCATE
